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Einladungswettbewerb | 06/2015

Seestadt Aspern – Seeparkquartier Baufeld J4

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CZA - Cino Zucchi Architetti

Architektur

ifdesign

Architektur

DnD Landschaftsplanung

Landschaftsarchitektur

Erläuterungstext

Functionalist urban planning conceived built form just as the correct outcome of a program-based design flowchart; but we still live well in cities created by past generations, by people with different needs, customs, techniques. Without any hint of nostalgia, we can learn from these environments a freer and richer relation between physical space and human behavior. New lifestyles need new kinds of spaces to live and work, but they also need connective, in-between spaces for social interaction, leisure, and the rediscovery of a natural dimension. Designed as a welcoming space for different generations, the void between buildings can become again the connecting element between things, and acquire its role of a loved everyday backdrop for our lives.
The building complex of our proposal for block J4 in the Seeparkquartier – Vienna Aspern is organized around a number of very simple yet effective principles: the idea of a “porous” urban block, defined by a perimeter reinforcing the public space and a vast green interior hosting neighborhood activities and informal interaction; the transformation of the prescribed setbacks and height limitations into a sequence of clear, well-placed building masses maximizing - with their succession of high and low bodies oriented in a prevalent north-south direction - good solar exposure for all the apartments and the collective open spaces; the carefully chosen building depths and ceiling heights; the simplicity of the structure, the compactness of the vertical distribution, the grouping of sanitary systems along the central core allow for the greatest flexibility of interior partitions, making the complex capable to adapt over time to unforeseen needs. While the building bodies with east and west outlooks are 17.40 meters deep without terraces and loggias and have the vertical distribution cores aligned along their central spine, allowing to optimize the double exposure to the sun and obtain high energy savings just because of their compactness factor, in the lower ones with north and south exposures the vertical circulation is placed so to allow double exposure to all units.
The different qualities of the building envelopes on the perimeter of the block and the ones overlooking the green court allow for a varied urban landscape, always creating a lived-in interface between the scale of the city and the one of the single units. Building bases of different heights embrace and define the different public spaces around the block. The cell-like structure of the facades of the outer side generate an architectural texture which hosts smaller variations following on a finer grain the needs of light and air of the workspaces and residential units on the upper floors; on both sides, loggias and terraces extend the living spaces into generous green open-air rooms. The articulated profile of the inner facades creates a special environmental richness of the interior garden, generating a soft transition between private and collective spaces.
More than trying to reinvent building types and architectural languages from scratch, the project rearranges well-tested distributive and constructive solutions in unseen combinations. The pioneering studies by John Habraken (see Variations, the Systematic Design of Supports, MIT Press, Cambridge 1976) on the design of well-dimensioned structures allowing for a controlled yet open set of different units can today lay the foundations of a research on dwelling spaces responding to new living and working needs. The informality Josef Frank aspired to in his criticism to the more ideologic, formalistic side of the Modern movement (see Wiener Bauten und Wohnungen (1930), Architektur als Symbol (1931) and the later Akzidentismus (1958), now all in Id., Schriften/Writings, Metroverlag Wien 2012) , is in our design reached through a combination of well-tested ideas at all scales, somehow inherited by European urban culture of the last five centuries, and a will to experiment and accept in the body of architecture all changes in contemporary lifestyles and values. Well-defined and proportioned spaces, responding to our basic needs of intimacy and social interaction, can today be reinvented to host new, more informal behaviors rapidly evolving in the new-born information technology age.
The architectural framework of the proposed design is similarly very simple: on a very transparent base which generates a fecund interface between interior and exterior, the simple tectonic grid gives to the exterior fronts a markedly urban tone, holding together different window sizes. The markedly horizontal motif of the façades overlooking the garden, with their alternating rhythm of metal parapets and glass bands, gives profile and unity to the broken profile of the cantilevered private terraces.
The materials proposed for the façades are large format ceramic cladding of different clay color hues for the outer frame, with large panes of glass for the offices and smaller vertical windows with sliding shutters lacquered in Brick orange, Cobalt blue-grey, Celadon green or other slightly unsaturated colors for the residential parts; oxidized metal custom-designed corrugated metal sheets (in pre-oxidized copper or color-anodized aluminum in turquoise shades) for the parapets of the loggias and for the horizontal bands of the facades, and back-enameled glass in neutral shades for the inner side. With great constructive simplicity, durability and easy maintenance, this combination of materials generates a rich texture which underlines the different character of the interior and the exterior of the block, while allowing different finer-grain permutations responding to the variety of hosted functions.
To sum up, the proposed massing and architectural design of the J4 block responds to the rather innovative issues raised by the brief and the master plan guidelines with a series of very clear and simple decisions, cascading down from the scale of the neighborhood to the one of the block, and from this to the structure of the single building, its distribution, its constructive and material reality. All these decisions are strong enough to have a general validity, and allow development at smaller scales in different directions that could be determined at a later stage with the needed interaction con an actual client, its needs and its technical preferences. As the concept of a “porous urban block” could allow different dispositions and weights of the building masses, so the overall massing – responding well to the urban regulations and to criteria of good solar exposure – can host a number of different interior distributions. This controlled “degree of freedom” between the scale of the city, the one of the neighborhood, the one of the block, the buildings and the single living and working units is what allows to the urban fabric to survive to its initial program, develop in time and adapt to unforeseen new needs.

Beurteilung durch das Preisgericht

Der Hauptaspekt dieses Entwurfes, den die Jury schätzt, ist die Klarheit seiner konstruktiven Lösung, die Anlass zu einer sehr klaren Flexibilität auf allen Ebenen gibt. Ferner bietet das Projekt eine intelligente Auslegung des Masterplans - drei Inseln mit einem Innenhof - wobei die Architektur, die dem öffentlichen Raum zugewandt ist, sich deutlich von der dem Hof zugewandten unterscheidet. Die Jury würdigte auch die Tatsache, dass der Hof als Grünraum konzipiert wurde.

Während die detaillierte Beschreibung der Materialität von Fassaden und Balkonen auf eine hohe ästhetische und baukulturelle Tradition referiert, entspricht die architektonische Lösung, wie sie bislang präsentiert wird, noch nicht der Intelligenz des städtischen und
strukturelles Denkens.
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